Optical study of the Western Kings on Horseback screens
The Department of Art Research, Archives, and Information Systems and the Center for Conservation Science and Restoration Techniques performed optical studies of the Western Kings on Horseback screens (an Important Cultural Property) in the Suntory Museum of Art in 2010–2011. The Western Kings on Horseback screens are known to be masterpieces of early Western-style painting during the Momoyama Period. Together with the Western Kings on Horseback screens in the Kobe City Museum (an Important Cultural Property, currently with 4 panels in each), the screens constitute a pair of four-panel screens depicting 4 rulers on horseback and are said to have originally been wall paintings in Aizuwakamatsu Castle (Tsuruga Castle). However, numerous uncertainties remain regarding events leading to the production of these screens. The optical studies performed took high-resolution color images, infrared images, fluorescent images, and X-ray images of the screens. Depictions and colors were studied in detail and colorants were identified through X-ray fluorescence analysis. Results indicated that the colorants used in both works were primarily pigments used in Japanese-style paintings, but results did reveal that the gold leaf used in the background differed. Some of the study results were noted on a plaque in the exhibit hall of the Suntory Museum of Art during its special exhibition (October 26–December 4, 2011) entitled “Light and Shadows in Namban Art: The Mystery of the Western Kings on Horseback.”