ブックタイトル「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

概要

「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

1. Introduction1.1. Background and aimAmong non-wood frame cultural property structures, brickmasonry structures extant in Japan are a structural type thathas experienced the most number of restoration projects.In the past decades in which these buildings were restored,preservation principles and methods have changed greatly,and the different approaches and issues have graduallybeen gathered and analyzed. However, compared to woodframe structures, the chances of one becoming involved inrestoration are limited and even among specialists in culturalproperties, a shared understanding of details of deteriorationor repair methods is still difficult to come by. For example,the areas selected for replacing bricks vary greatly by thebuilding undergoing restoration (photo 1-1).Therefore, in this collection of restoration cases, based onthe topics dealt with in Chapters 1 through 5 of this report,referential information has been brought together to assistcultural property owners and architectural conservators intaking custody of or restoring brick masonry structures.1 Preventive methods for brick deterioration and damage2 Brick repair and restoration methods3 Architectural significance and reinforcement methods? DocumentationRestoration reports for each of the buildings were referred to.1.3. Outline of this collectionFirstly in Section 1, background, aim, and survey methodare explained; from Section 2 to Section 5, issues regardingbrick deterioration and damage are dealt with. Particularlyin Section 2, major brick deterioration and damagemechanism; in Section 3, present issues in deterioration anddamage; in Section 4, preventive measures that can possiblybe undertaken as a part of building management; and lastlyin Section 5, repair methods for deterioration and damagewith consideration for preservation of materials and brickmasonry technology.In Sections 6 and 7, approaches for structuralreinforcement will be introduced. In Section 6, presentissues in structural reinforcement techniques and inSection 7, planning of brick masonry structures and theirreinforcement will be focused on.2. Deterioration and damage seenin brick masonry structuresphoto 1-1 Brick wall of Kosuge Slip Dock, Steam hauling houseBricks of the oldest brick wall in Japan have been widely replaced through itslong history.1.2. Survey methods? On-site surveyIn putting together this collection, the building sites visitedand studied are listed in [Appendix 1] at the end of thisreport. Published restoration reports of each site as well asreports on preservation and restoration of brick masonrystructures were referred to, for information on brickdeterioration and damage together with repair methods aswell as details on reinforcement methods, in order to selectcharacteristic restoration projects to be focused on in thischapter. The restoration reports used in selecting thesebuildings are given in [Appendix 2]. Visits to restorationsites were accompanied, where possible, by the architecturalconservators in charge [Appendix 3].? InterviewsAt the time of on-site surveys, architectural conservatorsand those involved in the restoration who guided us as wellas building managers were interviewed regarding the threeaspects given below.2-1. Types of material deteriorationThe two materials that compose brick masonry structurescan be grouped into brick and joint. In this chapter, brickand joint will not be separated but will be treated as awhole, where deterioration of the structure will be taken asdeterioration of these materials.The major cause of material deterioration is penetrationof water into the material. Material deterioration causedby water ingress can be categorized into the following fivegroups.1 Salt damage2 Freeze-thaw damage3 Biological damage4 Efflorescence5 Metal corrosion and deterioration within brick walls2-2. Types of material damageThe two major causes of material damage are naturaldisasters such as earthquakes and ground settlementfrom deterioration due to lapse of time. Damage can becategorized into the following four groups.1 Cracks2 Slippage3 Collapse4 Leaning82Chapter 6A Collection of Case Studies of Preservation and Restoration of Brick Masonry Structures