ブックタイトル「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

概要

「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

difference in structure and detail needs to be confirmed aswell.By observing the damage condition of each building, itbecomes clear which surveys are required for each of theareas. There are non-destructive tests, destructive tests,sonic tests, and static tests.Many times in buildings that display complicatedmovements, information on structural response is acquiredthrough monitoring. For example, in a famous churchwhere there is a wall painting by Giotto, structural responseregarding effectiveness of the connective elements was verystable. It was observed through structural response that thetensile strength differed at each of the areas functioningeffectively as different connections.(slide 24-25) Then, there are problems that appear in theprocess of modeling. Today, various methods are used, butuntil several years ago, we relied only on the finite elementanalysis method. However, the limit analysis method forrigid blocks is starting to be widely used.By using this method, it became clear that the collapsewas due to loss of equilibrium of the walls and columns.It has now become a basic procedure for determining theresistance for collapse mechanisms, to presume all possiblecollapse mechanisms through simple equilibrium studies.Analysis Methods(slide 26-28) The limit analysis method can be applied toarches as well. The intensity of the earthquake is determinedfor a grid of 5km by 5km and for every possible returnperiod for each grid, the Code provides an intensity basedon the maximum va and the shape of the response spectrum.The return period of the action is related to the particularlimit state under consideration. This is how safety isgenerally viewed.Methods for Anti-Seismic Intervention(slide 29) This is a typical method of interventionrecommended by the Code. The first is for improving theconnective element. This is for improving the structuralresponse of arches and vaults, for correcting unevennessin floors and roofs, as well as for increasing durability ofmasonry structures. There are times when interventionProf. Eng. Claudio ModenaDefinition of seismic scale assumptionSM IngegneriaCURRENT HAZARD MAPN.T.C. 14/01/2008:The hazard maps is based on a reference designaction based on the geographical coordinates.For all the points in the country there are thoseparameters.The final design action is function of: limit state,building relevance and use (return period), soil andposition.Prof. Eng. Claudio ModenaDefinition of seismic scale assumptionSTEPS TO DEFINING ELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRUMSM IngegneriaSteps to defining Elastic Response Spectrum S e (T 0 ):- identification of V N and C U of the building to calculate V R ;- definition of P VR , related to the considered LS, in order to evaluate the T r of the event tobe considered for design;- Place the building on the seismic hazard map;- Definition of the corresponding three parameters that define the spectral shape: a g , F 0 ,T C *STANDARD SPECTRAL CURVE S e (T 0 ) If reference grid of the seismic hazard map does notencompass fixed return period T R , the value of theB Cgeneric parameter (a g , F 0 , T C *) can be derived byMax amplification interpolation.F 0a gAPeakGroundAccelerationBranch withConstantvelocityS vDBranch withConstantdisplacement S dFor any point in the map not falling in the nodes of thereference grid, the parameter values can be calculatedas a weighted average of the values in the fourvertices of the mesh containing the searched point, usingas weights the inverses of the distancesbetween vertices and the point itself. .slide 26Download: http://www.cslp.it/ > Home >Cosa facciamo > NovitaPeriod T 0slide 28Prof. Eng. Claudio ModenaDefinition of seismic scale assumptionSM IngegneriaN.T.C. 14/01/2008:In detail is possible toobserve the series of thepoints given by the map.For the intermediate point ainterpolation is given.Prof. Eng. Claudio ModenaInterventions - APPLICATIONSItalian Guidelines ?§6 ? Seismic Improvement and Intervention Techniques Criteria1. Interventions to improve the connections (walls ? floors)2. Interventions to improve the behaviour of arches and vaults3. Interventions to reduce excessive floor deformabilitySM IngegneriaThe guidelines analyse the following types of interventions, giving useful indications for the conception and thedesign of the intervention:4. Interventions on the roof structures5. Interventions to strengthen the masonry walls6. Interventions on pillars and columns7. Interventions to improve connection of non-structural elements8. Interventions on the foundation structureshttp://esse1.mi.ingv.it/.slide 27In the following slides some, examples of improving and strengthening interventions realised according withthe indications of the guidelines are showed.slide 2953