ブックタイトル「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

概要

「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

wall A-B : wall D-E＝2：3, 1：4, 0：5, or 5：0, 4：1, 3：2In either case, symmetry between the right and left wallscannot be maintained. A review of the actual measurementsclarifies that the total length of wall D-E is slightly smallerthan that of wall A-B by an average of 14.3mm.In figure 11, the layout of bricks for wall A-B and in figure12, that of wall D-E are given, in which bricks smaller thanaverage is shown in yellow.From these drawings, it can be seen that smaller bricksare comparatively clustered together in areas close to thecenter of the gable wall, to the right in wall A-B and to theleft in wall D-E. However, the reason for the discrepancy of14.3mm is not clear from these figures.In actual construction, subtle adjustments inmeasurements were possibly made in the size of pilaster Ctogether with the length of walls A-B and wall D-E.As has been explained, it became clear that bricks ofvarying sizes were intentionally used in the same wall. Howwere these bricks differing in size from the Tokyo-styleacquired? There are no records of their being made to order.The author’s hypothesis is that because errors in productdimensions cannot be completely avoided in manufacturingfired bricks, bricks delivered to the construction site werepossibly sorted according to variances in size. Bricksdesigned to be of 3.6 sun width could easily have been3.55 or 3.45 sun which would be an error of 4% from theintended measurement; these conditions would not differemploying present day technology. When such selectedbricks are laid by skilled masons under supervision of theconstruction manager, they were able to control the minutedifferences in brick size to realize a wall of exactly 72shaku ; otherwise, bricks laid out mechanically would haveresulted in a wall length that deviated from the designedmeasurement by units of bu . Some may point out that itwould be easier to make adjustments in the mortar pointing.However, if the width of pointing were to be changed from3 bu (9mm) to 2 bu (6mm) to adjust 1 bu , this differencewould be visually noticeable. On the other hand, changingthe length of bricks by merely 1 bu would not be recognized.Such masonry techniques could be clarified only throughdetailed examination of the actual wall. This is a“techniquethat would be difficult to replicate,”and it is for this reasonI believe there is meaning in each of the bricks composingthe walls to remain in its original location. This is thesignificance of the brick wall.4. Design Standard and Brick Masonry ConstructionThere is a group of brick masonry buildings of the samefunction, scale, and form. There probably was a designstandard which all of these followed and by carefullyobserving the brickwork, interesting facts begin to appear.In other words, to create buildings of the same appearance,there were actually differences in how bricks were laid, inthe number of bricks used, and in brick size.It was in January 1905 (Meiji 38) that the Salt MonopolyLaw was passed so that a portion of the revenue sourcecould be acquired through salt taxes for provisional fundingof the Russo-Japanese War. A new division for handling saltwas established in the Ministry of Finance to deal with saltrelatedwork which began as result of the law enforcement,and at once offices as well as storehouses becamenecessary. The organization, which initially was in charge of1 Former Kumamoto Salt Office,Tsuyazaki Branch Office2 Former Mitajiri Salt Office,Komatsushisa Branch Office3 Former Kumamoto Salt Office,Himejima Branch Office4 Former Sakaide Salt Office,Hakata Branch Office5 Former Nagasaki Salt Office,Haiki Branch Office6 Former Mitajiri Salt Office,Chofu Branch Office7 Former Mitajiri Salt Office,Aio Branch Office8 Former Ajino Salt Office,Yamada Branch Officefigure 13Extant single-story brick masonry salt office buildings17