ブックタイトル「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

概要

「煉瓦造建造物の保存と修復」英語版

0.3(≒9mm) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.33.6(≒109mm) 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.67.65(≒231mm)unit : sunaxis1 axis1’figure 5Diagram of pointing pattern of left end pilasters of the lower level wallphoto 1Gable wall of Red Brick Warehouse at Yokohama’s Shinko Wharfwidth of vertical pointing (3 bu = 9mm).Regarding the measurement between axis 3 and axis 4 of15 shaku 6 sun 6 bu (4,745mm) in figure 1, this equals thesum of measurements of the right wall plane ? first floorwall thickness is 2 shaku 7 sun (818mm), width of the fronthallway 12 shaku (3,636mm), and the distance between thecenterlines of partition walls that separate the storage roomand front hallway 19 sun 6 bu (＝1 shaku 9 sun 2 bu／2= 291mm) ?Therefore, it became clear that the thickness of partitionwalls was planned to be two-and-a-half bricks thick. Thewidth of the pilasters that support the plane and are placedbeneath the wall seems to have been designed as two-and-ahalfbricks thick as well. Pilasters at both ends of the planeunderneath appear to have been planned as three bricklengths thick. In figure 5, the distance between the centerline of the left end pilaster [axis 1’] and the outer surfaceof the left plane [axis 1 ] equals the sum of two brick widthsand one-and-a-half units of vertical pointing.When we surmise that the original plan for details of thepointing pattern set the width of the short end of the brickto be 3 sun 6 bu and width of vertical pointing as 3 bu , theabove value can be calculated, as seen in the same drawingto be 3.6×2 + 0.3×1.5＝7 sun 6 bu 5 rin (232mm). Inorder to set the axis 2 right in the center of 1’and 3 , itcan be calculated as follows.(56.82－15.66－0.765)／2＝20.1975This is probably how measurements for axis 2 and axis3 were acquired. The distance between 1 and 2 would be20.1975+0.765＝20.9625, which resulted in the minutenumbers as small as 5 mo being written out in the drawings,which suggests how these measurements were calculated.On the other hand, it needs to be noted that generally,span measurements for brick masonry architecture do notnecessarily record units as small as bu ; figures are mosttimes rounded to whole numbers.3. Methods for controlling wall span measurementsYokohama Red Brick Warehouse, a tourist destination, wasoriginally a group of brick masonry storehouses erected forYokohama’s Shinko Wharf from the late Meiji to early Taishoeras (end of 19th century to early 20th century). They weredesigned and built by the Temporary Building Division ofthe Ministry of Finance and are highly evaluated as“ultimatemasterpieces of brick masonry construction technique (inour country)”fn 4 .The author had a chance to measure the gable wallof one of the storehouses seen in photo 1. (Letters havebeen applied by the author for clarity.) From the originalarchitectural drawings, it is known that the distance betweenthe centerlines of column A and column E was planned tobe 72 shaku , a whole number. On-site surveys revealedthat the building had been constructed exactly as planned.Within this distance of 72 shaku are 188 brick ends. Thisnumber multiplied by the module unit of 0.39 shaku is 73shaku 3 sun 2 bu , which differs from the plan equaling theactual measurement by as much as 1 shaku 3 sun 2 bu(approximately 40cm). How was this discrepancy adjusted?What comes to mind at first is that the width of pointingmay have been partially changed. However, on-site surveysshowed that the pointing was all finished in 3 bu widths. Aclose inspection of the bricks revealed that bricks slightlysmaller than those of Tokyo-style have been employed. Itwas discovered that the size of bricks used in spans A-B andD-E differed from those used in spans B-C and C-D. In theformer spans, the width of bricks was 3.55 sun while that ofthe latter were 3.45 sun .Figure 6 shows measurements of 4 module units of bricklength (= 8 module units of brick end width) for spans A-B,B-C, C-D, and D-E respectively. The unit for the vertical axisis sun . According to this graph, in walls B-C and wall C-D,based on how values of mode and mean converge, it canbe judged that the same measurement was planned to be14Chapter 2Brick Masonry Construction: Techniques and Significance