ブックタイトルConservation and Restoration of Western Paper

概要

Conservation and Restoration of Western Paper

Photo 14a Fibre suspension is spooned into the area of lossPhoto 14b The fibres are compacted with a fine plastic brushThe map was first immersed in an alkalinebath to reduce discoloration and staining. Apaper pulp of similar tone was prepared todo the pulp fills. The map was placed on alight table, and the suspension of cellulosefibers in water was added to the area of lossusing a syringe, pipette or spoon. The fiberswere distributed using a fine plastic brushcommonly used for cleaning vegetables.Once the fibers were evenly dispersed, theinfill was protected with a piece of spunbondpolyester 2 and a blotter was placed over thearea to absorb excess water. The area wassandwiched between blotters and driedunder weight. This procedure can also becarried out on the suction table (Photos14a,b).4. IRON GALL INKIron gall ink is prevalent in many archivaland fine art collections and is commonlyfound in drawings, manuscripts, musicscores, letters, maps, and official documentsgenerally dating before the early 20thcentury. It was a popular writing materialbecause of its coloring strength, ease ofpreparation and availability of inexpensiveingredients. The coloring matter is a metalorganiccomplex, primarily made fromtannin (most often extracted from galls),vitriol (iron sulfate), gum, and water. Theiron (II) ions react with tannin or gallic acidand immediately form a colored complexwhen exposed to air. That thousands of inkrecipes have survived indicate that therewas never any standard recipe for makingink, thus explaining why examples of irongall ink can have significantly differentcharacteristics and appearances.The corrosive effects of iron gall inks onpaper are attributed to its acidity, caused bysulphuric acid produced as a by- productof the ink that results in the acid-catalyzedhydrolysis of cellulose. Secondly, thepresence of iron (II) ions in some inkscatalyzes the oxidation of cellulose.1. Formation of organic radicalsFe 2+ + O 2 Fe 3+ + O 2・Fe 3+ + O 2・+ RH→R・+ HOO・+ Fe 2+R・+ O2→ROO・ROO・+ R'H→RCOOH + R'・63